Tutorials A Totally Different Way Of Understanding Compression Part 2

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The goal here is to show you the fundamentals of what each knob on a standard compressor does and how it relates to applying it to your music. Compression is mainly for controlling uncompressed recordings. Most of the music that we use in our genre requires little to no compression at all. In hip hop, we do a lot of sampling and most, if not all, of our samples are already compressed. Even most of the drums in the form of kits are already compressed and pre-shaped. With this in mind, very little compression is needed.


Input Gain

The Input Gain is like a volume knob before you start compressing. This is where you set your pre-compression volume level, if you have a weak signal you can turn it up, if you have a signal that's a bit too loud you can turn it down.

Threshold

The threshold increases compression as you turn the knob down, think of threshold as the level above which the compressor considers the signal too loud. In part 1 we discussed how compression squashes the loud signal in an attempt to make the volume more even with the lower signals. The threshold knob does that task. High setting means little to no compression, low setting means more compression.

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Ratio

Your Ratio controls how much effort is used to correct overshoots. An Overshoot is the signal above your threshold. With a low ratio setting of 4:1, the overshoots will be gently pushed back towards the threshold whereas higher settings like a 11:1 ratio will be more like brutally forcing the overshoots back where they belong. Even higher ratios can be used to not allow them to cross at all. The thing to remember is that compression can re-shape a signal or sound, you do not want to over-transform that original sound, you just want to control it. You have to experiment and use your ears to obtain the outcome that you are looking for.

Attack and Release

This is where most people get confused or frustrated, but it's not hard to understand their purposes. Attack specifies how fast the compressor reacts in reducing gain. In other words, if you got in your car and turned your stereo on while it was on blast from the night before you would move at the speed of light to turn it down, where as if it were at a regular 'loud' setting you wouldn't have to react so fast. Same principle using your attack settings, it will control how fast the compressor reacts.

Your Release controls how fast the gain reduction resets. Both of these controls are usually in milliseconds. Don't get hung up on the numbers. The absolute best way to tackle these settings is to experiment with a one shot hit like a snare that has a loud initial impact and a short sustain, also experiment with something that has a soft impact but a long sustain like a guitar strum. You'll easily see how changing the values will effect the sound of both and then you'll understand how it applies to your music.

Make Up Gain or Output

Very simple, this is where you make up for any gain reduction during compression. Remember we squashed our loud parts which dropped the overall volume of the track, now we want to increase the 'more balanced' waveform back up to its original volume.

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In Conclusion

I can't express how important it is to test using compression. It will definitely take your game up a notch or two. Just remember, compression should be used mildly for what we do unless you're doing live recordings. It's extremely important on vocals when the emcee varies in their volume. Also remember that we're talking about Dynamic Range Compression in general. There are many other types of compression that do different tasks. Continue testing and good luck!

Further Reading Related to Music Production
 
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dacalion

Hands Of FIRE!
ill o.g.
Battle Points: 259
I'm glad you guys liked it and I hope it helps you all conquer Compression...I know I've said it over and over but testing is the key. As you test each knob and see how they work together, you'll see how it can apply to your music. Don't worry about the numbers at first, just do whatever sounds right to your ears! The numbers will start to make sense in time. Good luck!
 

ATR360

ReZoUnD
Battle Points: 42
I would like to expand on compression.
First I agree with the OP you should experiment with trial n error. Compression come in many forms like Tape for example, it automatically adds compression with out settings involve and tube saturation as well.(alt. tape or tube) One could add a lofi plugin and a compressor after with a threshold heavy and low ratio like 1:1 keeping the atk and release neutral on a aux and blend for taste(drive ratio more as you increase your send from aux ever so slightly). Understand that compressors add color (odd or even harmonics) to your tracks even when they're claimed to be transparent. A compressor becomes a limiter with heavy threshold and ratio above 10:1. If you want balance and transparency then be subtle with threshold and ratio. A tip on practicing with compressors, set the threshold and ration till you see the a gain reduction of -3db over some drums and set the release very slow and play with atk very slow to very fast and hear how the drums become aggressive then relaxed then vice versa, do same with release and hear how drums punch and sustain. After some tinkering, find or make two melodies...one soft and gentle the other percussive or aggressive and use the compressor to relax the same drum sample for one and exiting for the other. This is one method I just thought would help as a guid instead of going in with out purpose. Because a compressor should have purpose not thrown in because u think its the right thing or this new plugin u hacked supposed to "Glue" your tracks. Feel free to criticize these methods and others for this will open up your thinking and maybe have an ahh haa moment.
 
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